Utilities
Format
cat [options] [file-list]
Summary
cat lists all the files specified by file-list to your screen
end to end.
Options
-n number, causes cat to display line numbers at the beginning
of each line.
Format
echo [option] message
Summary
Very useful in scripting, lets you write messages to the
terminal and can be used to display shell variables
Options
-n newline, prevents echo from displaying the newline at
the end of the message
Example
#echo 'Hi!'
Hi!
#echo -n 'Hi!'
Hi!#
#echo $TERM <-- this is a shell variable
vt100
#
Format
grep [options] pattern [file-list]
Summary
This utility searches one or more files for a pattern. The
grep utility performs actions, specified by options every
time
it finds a line that contains a match for the pattern.
If you use tabs or spaces
in the pattern you must quote it.
Options
if you don't specify any options grep displays the line
that contained a match for pattern.
-c count, causes grep to display the number
of times it found a match for pattern
-i ignore case, ignores case when
finding a match for pattern
-l file list, causes grep to display
only the filename in which it found a match for pattern
-v reverse test, causes lines not containing
a match to satisfy the search
Format
head [-number] [file-list]
Summary
The head utility displays ,without arguments, the ten first
lines of the files given by file-list. If you want
to display more or less than 10 lines specify this with
the -number option.
If you don't specify any file-list head will read
from it's standard input. This means that you can pipe
to it.
Summary
Similar to more but you can scroll backwards in the document
too!
Format
man [options] page
Summary
Man is the built in manual pager in Linux. It offers allot
of flexibility, and I must admit that I don't know the man
utillity as good as I should. The parameter page tells man
what you want help for. Normally it is a command but you
can also specify a utility, function or some config file
you need help with. Use the interactive commands to navigate
inside the document.
Options
There are ALLOT... use "man man" to find the apropriate
one..
Interactive commands
/"argument" Higlights all words
that contain "argument".
q quit, quits man.
Format
more [options] [file-list]
Summary
Allows you to view a text file at the terminal. Almost the
same as cat, but it pauses each time it fills the screen.
On pause, you can press ENTER to make more display one more
line. If you press space more fills another screen. More
will display all the files given in the file-list argument.
If you don't give it the file-list argument, more will read
from it's standard input.
Options
-n number of lines, specifies the
number of lines in a screenfull.
-d display, makes more display a explanatory
message after each screenful
+n line number, makes more start at line
number n.
Interactive commands
More has a lot of interesting commands that can be used
whenever more pauses here is a list of the most commonly
used
d shows half a screenful
q exits from more
v starts up the vi editor with the current document at the
current line (very useful)
tail - display
the last part (tail) of a file
Format
tail [options] [file]
Summary
This utility displays the last part of the file specified
by file. If you don't specify a file it read's
from it's standard input, this means that you can pipe to it.
Options
-n lines, the number of lines from the
en of the file you want tail to display.
Format
tar key[options] [file-list]
Summary
The tar utlility can extract, add to, list, and
create tar volumes. It can also extract tar.gz/tgz archives.You
can only have one key mode, but you can have multiple options.
The tar utility has tons of options check them out in the
manual (man tar)
Key
t table of contents, displays
all the files in the archive.
A append, adds the files specified by
file-list the archive.
c create, creates a new archive
x extract, extracts files from the archives
given by file-list
Options
v verbose, causes tar to display
each line as it reads/writes them.
-V name Create a volume with volumename
NAME. Use this together with the key A
z filter the archive through gzip. Use
this when you have a tgz/tar.gz file.
-f file input file, Unpack from archive "file"
instead of the standard input which is /dev/rtm0 (tape streamer)
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