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| | The root filesystem should generally be small, since
it contains very critical files and a small, infrequently
modified filesystem has a better chance of not getting corrupted.
A corrupted root filesystem will generally mean that the system
becomes unbootable except with special measures (e.g., from a
floppy), so you don't want to risk it. The root directory generally doesn't contain any files, except
perhaps the standard boot image for the system, usually called
/vmlinuz. All other files are in subdirectories in the
root filesystems:
- /bin
Commands needed during bootup
that might be used by normal users (probably after
bootup). - /sbin
Like /bin,
but the commands are not intended for normal
users, although they may use them if necessary and
allowed. - /etc
Configuration files specific to the
machine. - /root
The home directory for user
root. - /lib
Shared libraries needed by the programs
on the root filesystem. - /lib/modules
Loadable kernel modules, especially
those that are needed to boot the system when
recovering from disasters (e.g., network and filesystem
drivers). - /dev
Device files. - /tmp
Temporary files. Programs running after
bootup should use /var/tmp, not
/tmp, since the former is probably
on a disk with more space. - /boot
Files used by the bootstrap loader,
e.g., LILO. Kernel images are often kept here instead
of in the root directory. If there are many kernel
images, the directory can easily grow rather big, and it
might be better to keep it in a separate filesystem.
Another reason would be to make sure the kernel
images are within the first 1024 cylinders of an IDE
disk. - /mnt
Mount point for temporary mounts by
the system administrator. Programs aren't supposed
to mount on /mnt automatically.
/mnt might be divided into
subdirectories (e.g., /mnt/dosa
might be the floppy drive using an MS-DOS filesystem,
and /mnt/exta might be the same
with an ext2 filesystem). - /proc, /usr, /var, /home
Mount points for the other
filesystems.
|